The influence of turbulence on morphological variability of Daphnia galeata in Lake Baikal

Abstract

Morphological variability resulting from water movement (turbulence) was studied. Currents of different origin and intensity resulting in changes of morphological traits (body size, head height, tail spine length) in Daphnia galeata are observed in pelagic zone and bays of Lake Baikal. Under the conditions of rapid currents, the mature daphnia develop a high helmet, a long tail spine, there are also some changes in ratio of these traits to the body length. Juvenile crustaceans manifest the least pronounced reaction. Besides, combination of predation and turbulence factors result in an intensive development of protective features.